Biochar defended
(First published in Carbon News, www.
carbonnews.
co.
nz 11ix08)
The International Biochar Initiative met 8th
-10th
Sept in Newcastle (on Tyne) to
advance the scientific understanding and policy role of this new boy on the block.
And it’s under attack, even though it has a key role to play in addressing the threat...
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Biochar defended (First published in Carbon News, www. carbonnews. co. nz 11ix08) The International Biochar Initiative met 8th -10th Sept in Newcastle (on Tyne) to advance the scientific understanding and policy role of this new boy on the block. And it’s under attack, even though it has a key role to play in addressing the threat of abrupt climatic change, such as a sudden, possibly several meter, rise in sea levels sometime this century. But first, what’s biochar? It’s finely divided pyrolyzed biomass prepared for soil improvement – any sort of biomass such as wood chips, lawn mowings, sewage sludge, kitchen waste, animal husbandry effluents, corn stover and other crop wastes, etc. – that is heated with little or no oxygen (pyrolyzed) till volatile components are driven off (and available for processing to sustainable biofuels) with the remaining porous and carbon-rich material subsequently loaded with nutrients e. g. through exposure to compost or nutrient-rich boiler flue gases
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ECONOMIST FEATURES CEES BIOCHAR
CONFERENCE
The following article appeared in The Economist print edition (August 27, 2009).
CHARCOAL has rather gone out of fashion.
Before the industrial revolution, whole forests disappeared
into the charcoal‐burners’ maw to provide the carbon that ironmakers need to reduce their ore to
metal....
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ECONOMIST FEATURES CEES BIOCHAR CONFERENCE The following article appeared in The Economist print edition (August 27, 2009). CHARCOAL has rather gone out of fashion. Before the industrial revolution, whole forests disappeared into the charcoal‐burners’ maw to provide the carbon that ironmakers need to reduce their ore to metal. Then, an English ironmaker called Abraham Darby discovered how to do the job with coke. From that point onward, the charcoal‐burners’ days were numbered. The rise of coal, from which coke is produced, began, and so did the modern rise of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. It is a sweet irony, therefore, that the latest fashion for dealing with global warming is to bring back charcoal. It has to be rebranded for modern consumers, of course, so it is now referred to as “biochar”. But there are those who think biochar may give humanity a new tool to attack the problem of global warming, by providing a convenient way of extracting CO2 from the atmosphere, bury
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Technical Memorandum Biochar
1
Background
This memo is one of six (6) technical background memos that present information for the six
carbon offset actionable alternatives which have been retained for Stage 2 analysis in
developing the Cornell University Climate Action Plan (CAP).
The six carbon offset...
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Technical Memorandum Biochar 1 Background This memo is one of six (6) technical background memos that present information for the six carbon offset actionable alternatives which have been retained for Stage 2 analysis in developing the Cornell University Climate Action Plan (CAP). The six carbon offset alternatives included in this series of technical memos include: 1. Afforestation 2. Forest Management 3. Biochar 4. Soils/tillage practices 5. Agricultural methane 6. Market Purchases of Offsets The purpose of this memo is to summarize the offset actionable alternative and identify costs, institutional considerations, and sustainability considerations including financial, environmental and social responsibility considerations associated with the alternative General Description Biochar is charcoal produced from the slow pyrolysis of organic biomass such as wastes from agriculture, forestry, industries (e. g. , lumber, pulp, and veneer production) and residential yard w
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> Concept diagram of low-temperature pyroysis bioenergy with biochar sequestration.
Typically, about 50% of the pyrolysed
biomass is converted into biochar and can be returned to the soil.
Johannes Lehman
Bio-char Bio-energy Lifecycle
(C) 50%
(C) 50%
Returned to soil
as Bio-char
Bio-fuel
- bio-oil
- hydrogen
Industry
Biomass
-...
Di più
> Concept diagram of low-temperature pyroysis bioenergy with biochar sequestration. Typically, about 50% of the pyrolysed biomass is converted into biochar and can be returned to the soil. Johannes Lehman Bio-char Bio-energy Lifecycle (C) 50% (C) 50% Returned to soil as Bio-char Bio-fuel - bio-oil - hydrogen Industry Biomass - manure - organic wastes - bioenergy crops (grasses,willows) - crop residues Transport Energy Coproducts (oil, cosmetics)(C) 100% Optionally, N2 , NOx , SOx , CO2 can be added to increase C sink and nutrient contents Pyrolysis Residual heat CSIRO Land and Water Biochar Biochar has been attracting growing interest due to its potential in carbon sequestration and in improving soil health. However, further research needs to be undertaken to answer numerous questions about its properties and the benefits associated with its production and application. What is biochar? Biochar is a type of charcoal which results from the thermal treatment (heating) of natural organ
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Biochar Production Technology
Robert C.
Brown
Center for Sustainable Environmental Technologies
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Iowa State University
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Making Biochar
Saturday, May 2, 2009
9:00 A.
M.
to 2:00 P.
M
Location: McClary Hill Farm
3 Griffin Rd, Epsom, NH
Host: David Stewart
Directions: From Concord: Take Rte 4 East to ...
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Making Biochar Saturday, May 2, 2009 9:00 A. M. to 2:00 P. M Location: McClary Hill Farm 3 Griffin Rd, Epsom, NH Host: David Stewart Directions: From Concord: Take Rte 4 East to Epsom Circle. From Circle continue on Rte 4 East 1. 7 miles, then turn right onto Center Hill Rd. (see sign for “Blake’s Brook Campground”) Count 1. 9 miles from this turn and see a red house, red barn and fencing ‐ that is McClary Hill Farm. Park at farm or road. The workshop will begin with an overview of the purpose and functions of biochar, the science and technology behind it, and then we will make the burners. We will light our work when units are completed (there could be a limit to the # of burns. ) To build your own biochar unit, bring: • 55 gal metal drum with lid (preferably with removable lid but closed end is ok. ) • 16 or 30 gal drum (lid not necessary) • 4/ft of 8-inch stovepipe • Heavy hammer • Cold chisel or other
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Environews | Innovations
Biochar Carbon Mitigation
from the Ground Up
A 70 volume 117 | number 2 | February 2009 • Environmental Health Perspectives
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Biochar Application to Soils
A Critical Scientific Review
of Effects on Soil Properties, Processes and Functions
F.
Verheijen, S.
Jeffery, A.
C.
Bastos, M.
van der Velde, I.
Diafas
EUR 24099 EN - 2010
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1
Commercial scale agricultural biochar field trial in Québec, Canada over two years: effects of
biochar on soil fertility, biology and crop productivity and quality
by Barry Husk1
, report written by Julie Major2
1
President, BlueLeaf Inc.
, 310 rue Chapleau, Drummondville, Québec, J2B 5E9 Canada;
2
PhD, Consultant, 1555 ch....
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1 Commercial scale agricultural biochar field trial in Québec, Canada over two years: effects of biochar on soil fertility, biology and crop productivity and quality by Barry Husk1 , report written by Julie Major2 1 President, BlueLeaf Inc. , 310 rue Chapleau, Drummondville, Québec, J2B 5E9 Canada; 2 PhD, Consultant, 1555 ch. Ste-Claire, Rivière-Beaudette, Québec, J0P 1R0 Canada Abstract A commercial scale biochar field trial was established on a farm in Québec, Canada in May 2008. A very fine, commercially available biochar from fast pyrolysis of wood waste was applied as received from the manufacturer using standard farm machinery. The target application rate was 5. 6 t/ha, but an estimated 30% of the material was wind-blown and lost during handling, transport to the field, soil application and incorporation. This resulted in an estimated 3. 9 t/ha biochar application. Biochar was applied on a clay loam soil in a single, 1,000 m2 swath and compared to an adjacent, unamended cont
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‘Managing the Carbon Cycle’ Katanning Workshop 21-22 March 2007
www.
amazingcarbon.
com
19
Organics and Soil Carbon:
Increasing soil carbon, crop productivity and farm profitability
Andre Leu
Chair, Organic Federation of Australia
PO Box 800
Mossman Qld 4873
leu@austarnet.
com.
au
Abstract
This paper explains how atmospheric carbon...
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‘Managing the Carbon Cycle’ Katanning Workshop 21-22 March 2007 www. amazingcarbon. com 19 Organics and Soil Carbon: Increasing soil carbon, crop productivity and farm profitability Andre Leu Chair, Organic Federation of Australia PO Box 800 Mossman Qld 4873 leu@austarnet. com. au Abstract This paper explains how atmospheric carbon is introduced into the soil and how it stored in stable forms. It identifies the farming techniques that are responsible for the decline in soil carbon and gives alternative practices that do not damage carbon. Increasing soil carbon can reduce the 25% of Australia s greenhouse gases created by agriculture and assist in ameliorating climate change. Increasing soil carbon will ensure good production outcomes and farm profitability. Soil carbon, particularly the stable forms such as humus and glomalin, increases farm profitability by increasing yields, soil fertility, soil moisture retention, aeration, nitrogen fixation, mineral availability, disease suppr
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> Concept diagram of low-temperature pyroysis bioenergy with biochar sequestration.
Typically, about 50% of the pyrolysed
biomass is converted into biochar and can be returned to the soil.
Johannes Lehman
Bio-char Bio-energy Lifecycle
(C) 50%
(C) 50%
Returned to soil
as Bio-char
Bio-fuel
- bio-oil
- hydrogen
Industry
Biomass
-...
Di più
> Concept diagram of low-temperature pyroysis bioenergy with biochar sequestration. Typically, about 50% of the pyrolysed biomass is converted into biochar and can be returned to the soil. Johannes Lehman Bio-char Bio-energy Lifecycle (C) 50% (C) 50% Returned to soil as Bio-char Bio-fuel - bio-oil - hydrogen Industry Biomass - manure - organic wastes - bioenergy crops (grasses,willows) - crop residues Transport Energy Coproducts (oil, cosmetics)(C) 100% Optionally, N2 , NOx , SOx , CO2 can be added to increase C sink and nutrient contents Pyrolysis Residual heat CSIRO Land and Water Biochar Biochar has been attracting growing interest due to its potential in carbon sequestration and in improving soil health. However, further research needs to be undertaken to answer numerous questions about its properties and the benefits associated with its production and application. What is biochar? Biochar is a type of charcoal which results from the thermal treatment (heating) of natural organ
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International Biochar Initiative
I B I
Fossil fuels are carbon-positive – they add more carbon
to the air.
Ordinary biomass fuels are carbon neutral – the
carbon captured in the biomass by photosynthesis would
have eventually returned to the atmosphere through natural
processes – burning plants for energy just speeds it up....
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International Biochar Initiative I B I Fossil fuels are carbon-positive – they add more carbon to the air. Ordinary biomass fuels are carbon neutral – the carbon captured in the biomass by photosynthesis would have eventually returned to the atmosphere through natural processes – burning plants for energy just speeds it up. Biochar systems can be carbon negative because they retain a substantial portion of the carbon fixed by plants. The result is a net reduction of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, as illustrated below. How Can Biochar Be Carbon-Negative? Biochar can sequester or store carbon in the soil for hundreds and even thousands of years. Biochar also improves soil fertility, stimulating plant growth, which then consumes more CO2 in a feedback effect. And the energy generated as part of biochar production can displace carbonpositive energy from fossil fuels. Additional effects from adding biochar to soil can further reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance carbon stora
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9 AUGUST 2002 VOL 297 SCIENCE www.
sciencemag.
org920
IRANDUBA, AMAZÔNAS STATE, BRAZIL—
Above a pit dug by a team of archaeologists
here is a papaya orchard filled with unusually vigorous...
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65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 9 AUGUST 2002 VOL 297 SCIENCE www. sciencemag. org920 IRANDUBA, AMAZÔNAS STATE, BRAZIL— Above a pit dug by a team of archaeologists here is a papaya orchard filled with unusually vigorous trees bearing great clusters of plump green fruit. Below the surface lies a different sort of bounty: hundreds, perhaps thousands, of burial urns and millions of pieces of broken ceramics, all from an almost unknown people who flourished here before the conquistadors. But surprisingly, what might be most important about this central Amazonian site is not the vibrant orchard or the extraordinary outpouring of ceramics but the dirt under the trees and around the ceramics. A rich, black soil known locally as terra preta do Indio (Indian dark earth), it sustained large settlements on these lands for 2 millennia, according to the Brazilian-American archaeolog
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Mr.
Donald Belk, AICP,
Regional Planner.
BRAC RTF
Dr.
Leonard Bull,
25x25’ Carbon Working Group.
Retired NCSU Professor
Mr.
Peter Campbell,
Biologist.
U.
S.
Fish and
Wildlife Service
Mr.
James Dougherty,
Executive Director.
RLUAC
Dr.
Sid Gautam,
Founder/Director.
Methodist
University Center for
Entrepreneurship
Mr.
Jason...
Di più
Mr. Donald Belk, AICP, Regional Planner. BRAC RTF Dr. Leonard Bull, 25x25’ Carbon Working Group. Retired NCSU Professor Mr. Peter Campbell, Biologist. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Mr. James Dougherty, Executive Director. RLUAC Dr. Sid Gautam, Founder/Director. Methodist University Center for Entrepreneurship Mr. Jason Hoyle, Appalachian State University Energy Institute Dr. Larry Keene, President. Fayetteville Technical Community College Ms. Nomee Landis, Freelance Writer, former Fayetteville Observer reporter Mr. Jon Parsons, PE, Executive Director. Sustainable Sandhills Mr. John Ray, Soil Conservationist, USDA. NRCS. (retired) Mr. Roger Sheats, President. Cape Fear River Assembly, Inc Dr. Johnny Wynne, Dean NSCU, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Dr. Richard Perritt, ExEcutivE DirEctor Board of directors Ms. Sharon Valentine, founder and president Owner/Operator. Privateer Farm Mr. Edward Pickett, vice president Raymond James Financial Services Mr
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381
© The Ecological Society of America wwwwww.
.
ffrroonnttiieerrssiinneeccoollooggyy.
.
oorrgg
The energy demands of modern societies are steadily
increasing.
Today, much of this demand is satisfied
by fossil fuels, such as gas, oil, and coal, energy resources
that are not renewable, and which will eventually be
exhausted.
The...
Di più
381 © The Ecological Society of America wwwwww. . ffrroonnttiieerrssiinneeccoollooggyy. . oorrgg The energy demands of modern societies are steadily increasing. Today, much of this demand is satisfied by fossil fuels, such as gas, oil, and coal, energy resources that are not renewable, and which will eventually be exhausted. The first glimpse of the energy crisis to come has been the price increases at the gas station. Additional concerns include the dependence on regionally concentrated supplies and related international conflicts, and the emission of greenhouse gases associated with the use of fossil fuels (IPCC 2001). There is ample evidence to show that the Earth is warming due to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, with climatic consequences including desertification, a rise in ocean levels, and increased numbers of hurricanes (IPCC 2001). In addition to urgently needed energy conservation, alternative forms of energy are required to decrease dependence on fossil fue
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The network is initially being funded by industry sponsors (Carter Holt Harvey, ;oundation for Arable
Research, Lake Taupo ;orest Trust, Landcorp, and NZ ;orest Owners Association) and the S;; and is being
administered through the New Zealand Biochar Research Centre (NZBRC) at Massey University.
NZ B%OCHAR NET-OR.
NE-S0ETTER
June...
Di più
The network is initially being funded by industry sponsors (Carter Holt Harvey, ;oundation for Arable Research, Lake Taupo ;orest Trust, Landcorp, and NZ ;orest Owners Association) and the S;; and is being administered through the New Zealand Biochar Research Centre (NZBRC) at Massey University. NZ B%OCHAR NET-OR. NE-S0ETTER June 200M %n this %ssue • Nelcome • News • International Conferences !"#$%&" Nelcome to the June 0M edition of the NZ Biochar Network newsletter. The obPectives of the NZ Biochar Network are to: 1. Transfer knowledge on NZ biochar research and technology developments and relevant international research to NZ stakeholders with a focus on the application of biochar to reduce GHG emissions. 2. Trovide a mechanism to discuss biochar issues and stakeholder needs with regard to the operational application of biochar. Biochar, of course, is a fine-grained charcoal high in organic carbon and largely resistant to decomposition. It is produced from the thermal decom
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Nutrient transformations are influenced by a
myriad of biotic and abiotic factors.
However, to date, there have been no
attempts to synthesize the literature regarding
the influence of biochar on soil nutrient
transformations.
Although the major focus of
this book is to review biochar as a soil amendment in agro-ecosystems, the...
Di più
Nutrient transformations are influenced by a myriad of biotic and abiotic factors. However, to date, there have been no attempts to synthesize the literature regarding the influence of biochar on soil nutrient transformations. Although the major focus of this book is to review biochar as a soil amendment in agro-ecosystems, the majority of the literature that addresses the effects of biochar on nutrient transformations has originated from studies in natural forest ecosystems. The addition of biochar to forest soils has been found to directly influence nitrogen (N) transformations in phenol-rich acidic forest soils of both temperate (DeLuca et al, 2006; Gundale and DeLuca, 2006; MacKenzie and DeLuca, 2006) and boreal (DeLuca et al, 2002; Berglund et al, 2004) forest ecosystems. Applying biochar to forest soils along with natural or synthetic fertilizers has been found to increase the bioavailability and plant uptake of phosphorus (P), alkaline metals and some trace metals (Glaser et
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Summary:
Technology Description
The invention is a method for increasing cation exchange capacity of
biochar fertilizer, which results in:
Improved soil fertility
Decreased fertilizer runoff
Sequestered carbon in soil and subsoil earth layers
The invention provides a process technology that can enhance the cationexchange...
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Summary: Technology Description The invention is a method for increasing cation exchange capacity of biochar fertilizer, which results in: Improved soil fertility Decreased fertilizer runoff Sequestered carbon in soil and subsoil earth layers The invention provides a process technology that can enhance the cationexchange capacity of charcoal materials that are produced from pyrolysis of biomassesincluding agricultural and/or forestry waste materials such as cornstovers, wheat straws, rice straws, switchgrass, peanut hulls, and woody plant materials. Technology Application The primary applications of this technology are soil amendment and carbon sink. Biochar with enhanced cation exchange capacity will help soil hold on to important nutrients. Biochar also acts as a carbon sink by sequestering carbon. As charcoal is very stable it will be able to keep carbon sequestered for a very long time. Stage of Development: Proof of Principle Patent Status: Patent application in progres
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